Turkistan Region
Turkistan Region (Kazakh: Түркістан облысы, romanized: Türkıstan oblysy), previously South Kazakhstan Region (Kazakh: Oŋtüstık Qazaqstan oblysy, Оңтүстік Қазақстан облысы; Russian: Южно-Казахстанская область, Yuzhno-Kazakhstanskaya oblast) is the southernmost region of Kazakhstan. Population: 2,469,367 (2009 Census results); 1,978,339 (1999 Census results). Its capital is Turkistan, formerly Shymkent in 2018. Other cities in Turkistan include Sayram, Kentau, Arys, Shardara, Zhetisai, Saryagash, and Lenger. This region and Atyrau Region are Kazakhstan's two smallest regions; both are about 117,300 square kilometers in area. Turkistan Region borders the neighboring country of Uzbekistan (and is very near the Uzbekistan capital Tashkent), as well as three other Kazakhstan regions: Karaganda Region (to the north), Kyzylorda Region (to the west), and Jambyl Region (to the east). The Syr Darya passes through the region, on its way to the Aral Sea. Also, an oil pipeline runs from Turkmenabat, Turkmenistan to Omsk, Russia (where it connects with a larger, Siberian pipeline) through South Kazakhstan. Oil, lead and zinc are refined in Shymkent.
The Region was created as South Kazakhstan Oblast in Kazakh SSR of Soviet Union. Between 1962 and 1992 it was named Chimkent Oblast. The administrative center of the Region was Shymkent. On 19 June 2018 Shymkent was taken out of the Region and subordinated directly to the government of Kazakhstan, the administrative center moved to Turkistan, and the Region renamed Turkistan Region.
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